Editing Macrozamia elegans

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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans.jpg|frame|Figure 1. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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===Introduction: ===
''Macrozamia elegans'' is a medium sized (Section Parazamia) cycad that is endemic to New South Wales.  It has a subterranean caudex and fronds that normally have a moderate spiral twist.

===History: ===
''M. elegans'' was described and named in 1998 by Ken Hill and David Jones, when it was recognised as a separate and distinct species. It was named after its elegant and graceful appearance.
It was previously known by local cycad enthusiasts as "robust spiralis".

===Distribution Range: ===
''M. elegans'' has a very limited habitat area on the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. The distribution range of this species is restricted to an area emanating in an arc, in an easterly to north-easterly direction, from the small town of Bilpin (elevation 606 metres).

===Climatic Data: ===
There is no Weather Station near the habitat location of ''M. elegans'', so we had a choice of using the data from Katoomba (elevation 1015 metres) on the upper Blue Mountains or Richmond (elevation 20 metres) at the base of the Blue Mountains. Katoomba is 31 km south-west of Bilpin (and 409 metres higher), while Richmond is 26 km south-east of Bilpin (and 586 metres lower).

We chose Katoomba on the basis that Bilpin is an apple-growing area and the cooler conditions at Katoomba compared with Richmond would be more appropriate.
Katoomba has an annual average rainfall of 1400 mm (spread over 117 days) with summer temperatures reaching over 30&#176;C. on an average of 9 days per year; and winter temperatures falling below
2&#176;C. on an average of 54 days per year.
The highest and lowest temperatures recorded recently at Katoomba were 36.6 and -8.2&#176;C. respectively). Frosts occur on an average of 42 days per year; and snow falls on an average of 4 days per year.
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===Rainfall Patterns: ===
Approximately 60% of the annual rainfall at Katoomba falls in summer and autumn, with the balance being spread, almost equally, between winter and spring.
The percentage seasonal rainfall pattern for Katoomba is as follows: Summer: 33%; Autumn: 28%; Winter: 20% and Spring: 19%.

===Habitat Conditions: ===
''M. elegans'' normally grows on steep, eucalypt covered hillsides, usually with a low-shrub understorey.  The plants usually grow in a pattern of scattered individual plants, though sometimes in small localised stands.
''M. elegans'' also forms small clumps of plants, possibly because of seed dispersal by kangaroos and possums.

===Principal Characteristics: ===
The principal characteristics of ''M. elegans'' are as follows:

</li><li>moderately spirally twisted fronds
</li><li>entire pinnae, which usually form a broad "V"-shaped profile
</li><li>basal pinnae that do not reduce to spines
</li><li>pinkish-red callouses at the base of the pinnae
</li><li>initially greyish-green leaves that turn to dark green with age
</li><li>seeds with reddish coloured flesh.


===Fronds: ===
''M. elegans'' plants usually have between 3 to 10 fronds, though occasionally the number of fronds can exceed 10. The norm is about 4-6 fronds
The fronds are normally moderately spirally twisted, though sometimes they have no twist at all.

===Cones: ===
Male and female cones initially are a powder blue colour and are quite striking in colour compared with most other Macrozamia species.
Cones on both male and female plants are usually solitary, though either male or female plants can produce 2 cones.

===Affinities: ===
On an affinity basis, in respect of New South Wales cycads, ''M. elegans'' is closely related to
''M. spiralis'', from which it was segregated.
''M. elegans'' has fronds, pinnae, cones and seeds that are larger than those of ''M. spiralis''.
In essence, ''M. elegans'' is a size-increased ''M. spiralis''; just as, conversely,
''M. reducta'' is, in effect, a size-reduced ''M. communis''.

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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans02.jpg|frame|Figure 2. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans03.jpg|frame|Figure 3. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans04.jpg|frame|Figure 4. Close-up of ''M. elegans'' frond.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans11.jpg|frame|Figure 5. Female cone of ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans12.jpg|frame|Figure 6. Male cone of ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans05.jpg|frame|Figure 7. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans06.jpg|frame|Figure 8. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans08.jpg|frame|Figure 9. ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans09.jpg|frame|Figure 10. Several ''M. elegans'' in habitat.]]
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[[File:Macrozamia_elegans10.jpg|frame|Figure 11. Dr Piet Vorster, (past-President of the  <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external text" href="http://www.cycadsociety.org/">'''Cycad Society of South Africa'''</a> and Wynand van Eeden (past-Editor of <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="external text" href="http://www.cycadsociety.org/journal.html">'''Encephalartos'''</a> examining ''M. elegans'' (October 2006).]]
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===Contributed by:===
Craig Thompson and Paul Kennedy (Text & Figures1-11)<br/>


===External Links:===
[https://www.cycadlist.org/taxon.php?Taxon_ID=387 World List], 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/41954/0 IUCN],
[https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Macrozamia+elegans JSTOR],
[https://www.trebrown.com/plant_info.php?species=Macrozamia+elegans Trebrown]
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[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Macrozamia+elegans%22&amp;num=10&amp;sa=Google+Search Google],
[https://images.google.com/images?q=%22Macrozamia+elegans%22&amp;hl=en&amp;btnG=Google+Search GoogleImages],
[https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Macrozamia+elegans Flickr],
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[[Category:Macrozamia|elegans]]
[[Category:Cycad|Macrozamia_elegans]]