Editing Macrozamia spiralis (section)

===Affinities: ===
On an affinity basis, ''M. spiralis''
is closely related to
''[[Macrozamia elegans]]'', 
a new species named in 1998 by Ken Hill and David Jones.
''M. elegans'' (which was previously known in Sydney botanical circles as robust ''M. spiralis''
) has typical ''M. spiralis'' features, such as moderately spirally twisted fronds and reddish callouses at the base of the pinnae, but has much larger and more numerous fronds/pinnae and larger cones and seeds.
There is also a variation in the pinnae tips between ''[[Macrozamia elegans]]'',
and ''M. spiralis''
insofar as
''M. elegans''
has typical Macrozamia pinnae with spiny tips, whereas the pinnae on
''M. spiralis''
normally have rounded non-spiny tips.
''M. spiralis''
also has a degree of similarity to
''[[Macrozamia flexuosa]]'',
though it is readily distinguishable from that species by virtue of its moderately twisted fronds compared with the multi-twisted fronds of ''M. flexuosa''. 

Occasionally, ''M. spiralis''
plants are found with one or two fronds that have multi-twisted fronds
(typical of ''[[Macrozamia flexuosa]]''), but such instances are considered to be of an aberrant nature.
As mentioned previously, confusion has occurred (and apparently still exists, more so outside of Australia) with the identification of ''M. spiralis''
and
''[[Macrozamia communis]]''.
Distinguishing the two species is relatively easy, purely on a size basis, as ''M. spiralis''
is a small cycad with an average of 6-8 fronds standing up to approximately 60 cm above ground level, whereas ''M. communis''
is a large cycad with up to 100+ fronds which can extend up to 2 metres above ground level (from a subterranean caudex).
 
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis12.jpg|frame|Figure 2. ''M. spiralis'' - emerging albino-like golden-bronze fronds.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis03.jpg|frame|Figure 3. ''M. spiralis'' - large individual plant in habitat.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis04.jpg|frame|Figure 4. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis13.jpg|frame|Figure 5. ''M. spiralis'' with female cone.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis.jpg|frame|Figure 6. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat with new fronds (after a bushfire).]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis02.jpg|frame|Figure 7. ''M. spiralis'' - same plant (as above) several months later. Note colour change.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis05.jpg|frame|Figure 8. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat. Note symmetry compared with previous plants in previous habitat shots.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis06.jpg|frame|Figure 9. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis07.jpg|frame|Figure 10. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis08.jpg|frame|Figure 11. ''M. spiralis'' - small cluster of plants.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis09.jpg|frame|Figure 12. ''M. spiralis'' - large group of plants.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis10.jpg|frame|Figure 13. ''M. spiralis'' - small clump of plants.]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis16.jpg|frame|Figure 14. ''M. spiralis'' with an aberrant ''M. flexuosa'' type frond.]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis15.jpg|frame|Figure 15. Female ''M. spiralis'' with six emerging cones (plus one old cone).]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis17.jpg|frame|Figure 16. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat (possibly a number of separate plants).]]
</div>
<div class="small-0 large-6 columns">
[[File:Macrozamia_spiralis18.jpg|frame|Figure 17. ''M. spiralis'' in habitat.]]
</div>
</div>